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ДИНАМИКА ЛЕСНЫХ ПОЖАРОВ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА РОССИИ

30-44

УДК 630*43

DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2026-1-30-44

Шифр ВАК 4.1.3; 4.1.6

А.Д. Попова¹, С.А.Коротков^{2, 3}

¹ФБУ «Центральная база авиационной охраны лесов «Авиалесоохрана» (ФБУ «Авиалесоохрана»), Россия, 141207, Московская обл., г. Пушкино, ул. Горького, д. 20

²ФГАОУ ВО «Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана (национальный исследовательский университет)» (Мытищинский филиал), Россия, 141005, Московская обл., г. Мытищи, ул. 1-я Институтская, д. 1

³ФГБУН Институт лесоведения Российской академии наук (ИЛАН РАН), Россия, 143030, Московская обл., с. Успенское, ул. Советская, д. 21

akmaral.igenova@bk.ru

Представлены материалы анализа динамики количества и площадей лесных пожаров, распределения земель лесного фонда по классам природной пожарной опасности по субъектам Центрального федерального округа за период 2004–2023 гг. Обобщены причины усугубления лесопожарной обстановки и даны общие рекомендации по снижению ее напряженности. Приведены результаты исследования, выявившие существенные колебания количества и площадей лесных пожаров в различные годы при увеличении в 2006, 2010, 2018, 2019 и 2020 гг. Установлена доля площади, пройденной огнем за рассматриваемый период, и доля количества пожаров (11,4 %) на относительно всей территории России, а также средний балл класса природной пожарной опасности по данному округу (3,1). Определена среднегодовая площадь лесных пожаров (около 280 тыс. га). Показано, что горимость лесов по округу, по сравнению с другими федеральными округами, в целом относительно невысокая. Наиболее высокие показатели удельной горимости выявлены в Липецкой, Белгородской, Воронежской, Калужской, Орловской и Тверской областях. Установлена наибольшая площадь покрытых лесом земель, пройденная огнем в 2019 г. — 1 млн га, при этом площадь одного пожара была максимальной в 2010 г. — 301,5 га. Определена средняя площадь одного пожара (110,1 га). Указана основная причина возникновения лесных пожаров. Предложены рекомендации для снижения пожарной опасности.

Ключевые слова: лесные пожары, лесопожарная обстановка, земли лесного фонда, ИДСМ-Рослесхоз, Центральный федеральный округ

Ссылка для цитирования: Попова А.Д., Коротков С.А. Динамика лесных пожаров на территории Центрального федерального округа России // Лесной вестник / Forestry Bulletin, 2026. Т. 30. № 1. С. 30–44. DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2026-1-30-44

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Сведения об авторах

Попова Акмарал Дулатовна — гл. специалист, ФБУ «Центральная база авиационной охраны лесов «Авиалесоохрана» (ФБУ «Авиалесоохрана»), akmaral.igenovna@bk.ru

Коротков Сергей Александрович — канд. биол. наук, доцент, ФГАОУ ВО «Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана (национальный исследовательский университет)» (Мытищинский филиал); ст. науч. сотр. лаборатории лесоводства и биологической продуктивности, ФГБУН Институт лесоведения Российской академии наук (ИЛАН РАН), skorotkov-71@mail.ru

FOREST FIRE DYNAMICS IN CENTRAL FEDERAL DISTRICT OF RUSSIA

A.D. Popova¹, S.A. Korotkov^{2, 3}

¹Avialesookhrana, 20, Gorky st., 141207, Pushkino, Moscow reg., Russia

²BMSTU (Mytishchi branch), 1, 1st Institutskaya st., 141005, Mytishchi, Moscow reg., Russia

³Institute of Forest Science RAS (IFS RAS), 21, Sovetskaya st., village Uspenskoe, Odintsovo district, 143030, Moscow reg., Russia

akmaral.igenovna@bk.ru

Forest fires are a serious problem in the Central Federal District. They are caused by a climate change, thunderstorms and anthropogenic factors. The article analyzes the dynamics of the number and areas of forest fires in 2004–2023, it also analyzes the distribution of forest lands by classes of natural fire danger in the constituent parts of the Central Federal District of Russia, summarizes the causes of the forest fire situation in recent years and provides general recommendations to reduce its intensity. The results of the study show significant fluctuations in the number and area of forest fires in different periods with an increase in 2006, 2010, 2018, 2019 and 2020. In the period from 2004 to 2023, the Central Federal District accounted for 2,6 % of the area covered by fire and 11,4 % of the number of fires in Russia. The average score of the natural fire hazard class in the district was 3.1. The average annual area of forest fires during the period under review in the Central Federal District is about 280 thousand. The burning capacity of forests in the district as a whole during the period under review was relatively low, in comparison with other federal districts of Russia. In terms of specific gravity, the highest rates since 2004 have been found in the Lipetsk, Belgorod, Voronezh, Kaluga, Oryol and Tver regions. The largest area of forested land was covered by fire in 2019 and amounted to about 1 million ha, while the area of one fire was the maximum in 2010 covering 301,5 ha. The average area of one fire in the Central Federal District during the study period is 110,1 ha. The main cause of forest fires in the Central Federal District regions is the anthropogenic factor, which is due to intensive forest management and high population density. Recommendations for reducing fire danger in the central regions of the country are proposed.

Keywords: forest fires, forest fire situation, forest fund lands, IDSM Rosleskhoz, Central Federal District

Suggested citation: Popova A.D., Korotkov S.A. Dinamika lesnyh pozharov na territorii Central,nogo federal,nogo okruga Rossii [Forest fire dynamics in Central Federal District of Russia]. Lesnoy vestnik / Forestry Bulletin, 2026, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 30–44. DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2026-1-30-44

References

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[2] Krawchuk M., Cumming S., Flannigan M. Predicted changes in fire weather suggest increases in lightning fire initiation and future area burned in the mixedwood boreal forest. Climatic Change, 2009, v. 92, pp. 83–97.

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[4] Bartels S.F., Chen H.Y.H., Wulder M.A., White J.C. Trends in post–disturbance recovery rates of Canada’s forests following wildfire and harvest. Forest Ecology and Management, 2016, v. 361, pp. 194–207

[5] Hall R.J., Skakun R.S., Metsaranta J.M. Generating annual estimates of forest fi re disturbance in Canada: The National Burned Area Composite. International J. of Wildland Fire, 2020, v. 29 (10), pp. 878–891. DOI: 10.1071/WF19201

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Authors’ information

Popova Akmaral Dulatovna — Chief specialist of Avialesookhrana, akmaral.igenova@bk.ru

Korotkov Sergey Aleksandrovich — Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor of the BMSTU (Mytishchi branch); Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Forestry and Biological Productivity of the Institute of Forestry Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, skorotkov-71@mail.ru