Πæóðíàëå Ñîäåðæàíèå íîìåðîâ Ðåäàêöèîííûé ñîâåò Òðåáîâàíèÿ ê ìàòåðèàëàì äëÿ ïóáëèêàöèè Îôîðìëåíèå áèáëèîãðàôè÷åñêîãî ñïèñêà Îðãàíèçàöèÿ è ïîðÿäîê ðåöåíçèðîâàíèÿ Ïîäïèñêà íà æóðíàë Èçäàòåëüñòâî Ðåäàêöèîííàÿ ýòèêà Ñòðàíèöà ãëàâíîãî ðåäàêòîðà
 

Æóðíàë «Ëåñíîé âåñòíèê / Forestry Bulletin»

 


 

ISSN/

1727-3749 / 17273749

2016/2016

20

2

6-250

35

 

 

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6-16

.. Ĩ, . , - .-. (1),
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caf-lesovod@mgul.ac.ru, skorotkov@mgul.ac.ru, volkov@mgul.ac.ru
(1)  141005, ., . -5, . 1- , . 1

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5.  , .. : / .. . .: -, 1980. 407 .

6.  , .. : , 3- ., . . / .. . .: , 2005. 324.

7.  , .. . . 2-, . . / .. , .. , .. . .: , 1965. 180 .

8.  , . : / . , . . . .. . .: , 1978. 312 .

9.  , .. . II. / .. . .: -, 1971. 536 .

10.  , .. / .. // . 1996.  5. C. 2022.

11.  , .. - / .. // . 2003.  3. C. 4145.

12.  , .. / .. , .. . .: -, 1977. 176 .

13.  , .. - / .. // . 1981.  3. C. 38.

14.  , .. - . / .. // . . .: , 1983.  7. 36 .

15.  , .. / .. , .. , .. , .. , .. .: , 1982. 40 .

16.   . 01.08.2011.  337.

17.  , .. . . . I / .. . .: , 1972. 418 .

18.  , .. / .. , .. . : , 1990. 224 .

ECOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS OF THE SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS

Obydennikov V.I., Prof., MSFU, Dr. Sci. (Agricultural)(1); Volkov S.N., Assoc. Prof. MSFU, Ph. D. (Biol.)(1);
Korotkov S.A., Assoc. Prof. MSFU, Ph. D. (Biol.)(1)

caf-lesovod@mgul.ac.ru, skorotkov@mgul.ac.ru, volkov@mgul.ac.ru
(1) Moscow State Forest University (MSFU) 1st. 
Institutskaya, 1, 141005, Mytischi, Moskow reg., Russia

The silvicultural systems related with the biology, ecology and forest geography mostly depend on the phase of formation of the forest types after cuttings. The final cuttings play an important role in the forest dynamic (or cuttings of maturity and overmaturity stands under the Forestry Code of the Russian Federation). The final cuttings impact mostly the forest ecosystems quality. The forest types formation after final cuttings is determined first (in one region) by the initial condition of the forest ecosystems (that is an initial forest type) and the nature of the cutting impact. The final cutting impact can be divided into controlled (harvesting machines impact soil, understory trees and other forest compounds) and uncontrolled (changed intensive insolation impact after stands cutting). The last impact (uncontrolled) is connected with the geographical environment. The initial forest type and the cutting impact are a cause, and the stages of forest formation after cuttings are effects. The forest types are characterized by their diversity. Even homonymous forest types can be markedly different by the main criteria in different geographical regions (or native zone). Thus, the productivity of the lichenous and sphagnous pine stands is higher for one capacity class in temperate forest zone (Tverskay region) in comparison with south taiga subzone (Kostroma region). Along with the initial forest types, the cutting type formation depends of the nature of the impact of harvesting machines to undergrowth and soil. That is the reason of the importance of satisfying silvicultural requirements by cuttings. The suggested silvicultural estimation criteria of the final cuttings as well as used machines which are considered undergrowth occurrence before and after cuttings, are of interest. The cutting types diagram connected with forest types, developed by Melikhov, his students and followers, is the natural base for forecasting and carrying silvicultural activities in many regions. Even homonymous cutting types do not always have the same forest growth conditions for the reforestation in different geographical regions. At this rate, the nature of reedgrass cutting type in pine taiga forest is not the same in the Ciscaucasian Russia and Siberia. The reedgrass create intensive sod formation on the cuttings area in the European part of the country under the influence of the moderate damp climate. The planting is widely spread there. In Siberia the same reedgrass species are not a course of visible soil sod formation. The rigorous Siberian climate reflects adversely on reedgrass growth and development. The pine reforestation is successful in these ecological and geographical conditions. It is only required to maintain the final crop pine trees there. The clearing cuttings have their own special aspects in different geographical conditions. For example, the intensity of the clearing cuttings is increased incrementally from the north to the south in young stock on the Russian Plain. The clearing cuttings are conducted in the 30-years of age in the north taiga subzone, and 15-20 in the south one.

Keywords: silvicultural system, forest regeneration, continuous logging, felling types.

References

1.  Buzykin A.I., Pshenichnikova A.S. Differentsiatsiya mikroekologicheskikh usloviy i pochvennogo substrata lesa [Differentiation of micro ecological conditions and forest bedding rock]. Forest ecosystems formation in conditions of forced service. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1998. 103 109 p.

2.  Kolesnikov B.P. Kedrovye lesa Dalnego Vostoka [The cedar forest of the Far East]. Writings DVF N USSR, 1956. 262 p.

3.  Lesnoy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Kommentarii [The Forestry Code of the Russian Federation. The commentaries]. oscow: VNIILM, 2007. 856 p.

4.  Martynov A.N. Otsenka estestvennogo vozobnovleniya lesa [The estimation of the natural reforestation]. Sylviculture, 1992.  4. pp. 43-49.

5.  Melekhov I.S. Lesovedenie [Silviculture]. oscow: The forest industries, 1980. 407 p.

6.  Melekhov I.S. Lesovodstvo [Forestry]. oscow: MSFU, 2005. 324 p.

7.  Melekhov I.S., Korkonosova L.I., Chertovskoy V.G. Rukovodstvo po izucheniyu tipov kontsentrirovannykh vyrubok [The guidance of the concentrated cutting types studying]. oscow: Nauka, 1965. 180 p.

8.  Mesarovich M., Takakhara Ya. Obshchaya teoriya sistem: matematicheskie osnovy [The general systems theory: mathematical background] Translation from English E.L. Nalelbaum. oscow: Mir, 1978. 312 p.

9.  Morozov G.F. Izbrannye trudy [Selectas]. Tome II. oscow: The forest industries, 1971. 536 p.

10.  Obydennikov V.I. Geograficheskie osobennosti posledstviy sploshnykh rubok s ispolzovaniem agregatnoy tekhniki [The geographic feature of the final cuttings consequence with the use of multi-function logging machinery]. Forestry, 1996.  5. pp. 20-22.

11.  Obydennikov V.I. Metodicheskiy podkhod k lesovodstvenno-ekologicheskoy otsenke raboty lesozagotovitelnykh mashin pri sploshnykh rubkakh [The methodological approach to the forestry ecological estimation of the harvesting machines performance during final cuttings]. Silviculture, 2003.  3. pp. 41-45.

12.  Obydennikov V.I., Kozhukhov N.I. Tipy vyrubok i vozobnovlenie lesa [The cuttings type and reforestation]. oscow: The forest industries, 1977. 176 p.

13.  Pobedinskiy A.V. Osnovnye printsipy organizatsii i vedeniya lesnogo khozyaystva na zakonodatelno-tipologicheskoy osnove [The main principals of the forest managements on the law and topologic basis]. Silviculture, 1981.  3. pp. 3-8.

14.  Pobedinskiy A.V. Sistema vedeniya lesnogo khozyaystva na zonalno-tipologicheskoy osnove [The system of the forest managements on the law and topologic basis]. Silviculture Forestry. Survey information. oscow: TsBN TI Gosleshoz USSR, 1983.  7. 36 p.

15.  Pobedinskiy A.V., Lazarev Yu.A., Khanbekov R.I., Orlov A.Ya., Abaturov Yu.D., Rekomendatsii po vydeleniyu korennykh i proizvodnykh grupp tipov lesa lesnoy zony evropeyskoy chasti RSFSR [The recommendations for identifying native and derived groups of forest types in the European part of the Russian SFSR]. oscow: VNIILM, 1982. 40 p.

16.  Pravila zagotovki drevesiny [The harvesting regulation]. Ratified by the Federal Agency for Forestry Affairs order from 01.08.2011.  337.

17.  Sukachev V.N. Izbrannye trudy. Osnovy lesnoy tipologii i biogeotsenologii [Selectas. The forest typology a biogeocenology basis]. Leningrad: Nauka, 1972. 418 p.

18.  Tikhonov, A.S., Zyabchenko S.S. Teoriya i praktika rubok lesa [The theory and practice of forest cutting]. Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1990. 224 p.

 

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.. , . , , - .-. (1),
.. , . .. , - . (2)

kalash0407@mail.ru
(1)  -  
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(2)   
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- - . 1015- . , , , , . , , , , , . , , , , . . - , , , , , 50 . 510 - . .

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1.  , . / . . : , 1900. 129 .

2.  , .., - : / .. . : , 2002. 287 .

3.  , .. - / .. . .: -, 1970. 168 .

4.  , .. / .. . , 1963. 254 .

5.  , .. - / .. , .. // . 1975.  10 . 5862.

6.  , .. / .. // . .  14. 1968.  . 13.

ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND OF FOREST PLANTATION 
SUCCESSFUL GROWTH IN SEMI-DESERT SAND LANDS 
AND STEPPE SAND SHELLY LANDS

Rodin S.A., Prof., VNIILM, Dr. Sci. (Agricultural), (1); Kalashnikova E.A., Prof. RGAU Timirjazev MSHA, Dr. Sci. (Biological) (2)

kalash0407@mail.ru
(1) Russian Research Institute for Silviculture and Mechanization of Forestry (VNIILM), 141202, Pushkino, Institutskaya str. 15
(2) Russian State Agrarian UniversityTimirjazev MSHA, 127550, Moscow, Timirjazev str. 49

The reasons of forest plantation successful growth in semi-desert and dry steppe sand and shelly sand lands are under review. Top 10-15 cm layer in sand lands is dried up severely and is not penetrated with roots. Plant self-regulation aimed at species conservation that goes on lower conditions big growth of small roots that during the first years provide pine plantation with water due to atmospheric precipitation. After the successful establishment of the first stage pine growth takes place when tap and anchor roots reach ground water level as the result of geotropism and chemopropism. Sand shelly lands around the Azov sea are characterized with low fertility, high porosity, lack of water in plough layer where amount of capillary uptake of ground water is under 50 cm and are a special forest plantation fund. First 5-10 years forest plantations grow slowly due to the lack of water in plough layer. Plantation growth builds-up as tap and anchor roots reach top 5 cm horizon of fresh ground waters.

Keywords: Micro-hydration, self-regulation, tap and anchor roots, small roots, chemotropism, geotropism, fertility, fresh water, ground waater.

References

1.  Kolesov A. Priroda peskov i ikh oblesenie [Nature sand and afforestation]. Kharkov, tipografiya gubernskogo pravleniya [Kharkiv, printing house of the provincial government], 1900. 129 p.

2.  Maksimenko A.P., Oblesenie peschano-rakushechnykh pochv Vostochnogo Priazovya [Afforestation of sand and shelly soil Eastern Azov]. Krasnodar: Kuban. 2002. 287 p.

3.  Mironov V.V. Oblesenie peskov Yugo-vostoka [Afforestation sands of South-east]. Moscow: Lesnaya promyshlennost [Forestry], 1970. 168 p.

4.  Rakhteenko N.N. Rost i vzaimodeystvie kornevykh sistem drevesnykh rasteniy [The growth and the interaction of the root systems of woody plants]. Minsk, 1963. 254 p.

5.  Repshas E.A., Rodin A.R. Rost i produktivnost kultur sosny na peskakh kosy Kurshyu-Nyariya [Growth and productivity of cultures of a pine on a sand spit Kursiu Nyariya]. Lesnoe khozyaystvo [Forestry]. 1975. 10. pp. 58-62.

6.  Rodin A.R. Oblesenie peschanykh pochv v Vengrii [Afforestation sandy soils in Hungary]. Lesokhozyaystvennaya informatsiya, referativnyy zhurnal [Forestry information, refereed journal]. 14. Moscow: TsBNTIleskhoz, 1968. pp. 13.

 

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.. , . , - .-. (1),
.. ,  (2),
.. ,  , . .-. (3),
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zalesov@usfeu.ru
(1)  , 
620030,, , 37 
(2)  ( )
(3)  -

- (- . , ). 132 , 118 , 59 26 . : , , , , . 14- , 23, 29, 30, 11 27 . : (Larix sibirica Ledeb), () (Larix Gmelinii Rupr.), (Pinus sylvestris L.) (P. Sylvestris f. Fastigiata L.) (P. Sylvestris Globosa viridis L.), (Janiperus sabina L.), (Betula pendula Roth.), (Populus alba L.), () (Salix caprea L.), () (Ulmus pumila L.), (Ulmus laevis Pall.), () (Malus Pallasiona Juz.), (Sorbus aucuparia L.) ( . . ), (Crataegus Arnoldii), () (Padus avium Mill.) ( . . ), ( ) (Caragana arborescens Lam.), (Acer negundo L.), (Lomicera tatarica L.), (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.), (Cotoneaster lucidus Sohlecht.), (Nitraria Scoberi L.). - . .

: , , , , , , , , .

1.  , .. . / .. , .. , .. , . // . : - , 2013. . 157160.

2.  , .. : . / .. . : , 2004. 96 .

3.  , .. . / .. , 
.. , .. // - 2020: VII . .-. . : . . . -, 2009. . 2. . 272275.

4.  , .. / .. , .. , .. // . 2011.  4(83). . 5658.

5.  , .. . / .. , .. , .. . .: - , 1966. 637 .

6.  , .. / .. , .. . : , . .. , 2009. 182 .

7.  , .. : . . / .. , .. . : , 2002. 224 .

8.  , .. . // .. . : , 2010. 971 .

 

EXPERIENCE OF TREE AND SHRUB PLANTS INTRODUCTION IN FOREST NURSERY AK KAYIN

Zalesov S.V., Prof. Ural state forest engineering universit, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture)(1); Razhanov M.P., vice-general director Zhasyl Imak, (2); Dancheva A.V., Kazakh scientific research institute of forestry and agrosilviculture, Ph. D. (Agricultural)(3); Opletaev A.S., Assoc. Prof. Ural state forest engineering universit, Ph. D. (Agricultural) (1)

zalesov@usfeu.ru, zhasyl-aimak@mail.ru,
(1) Ural state forest engineering universit, Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620030, Ekaterinburg, Sibirsky Tract, 37),
(2) Zhasyl Imak, Kazakhstan, 010000 Astana, set. Prigorodnay, Shkolnaya st., 1a, 
(3) Kazakh scientific research institute of forestry and agrosilviculture

The article deads with the results of tree and shrub introducents perspectiveness in the forest nursery Ak Kayin (sanitary-protective zone, Astana, Northern Kazakhstan) 132 introducent taxons representing plants of 118 species, 59 kinds, 26 families have been tested. As conservation and successfulness of integral estimation are concerned all the taxons have been divided into 6 groups: the most perspective, perspective, less perspective, low perspective, non-perspective and useless. As a result of 14-year investigations of introduction usefulness it has been established that 23 taxons constitute the most perspective group, 29 the perspective group, 30 the less perspective, 11 the low perspective and 27 the useless group. To improve landscape gardening and forestation effectiveness it is recommended, first of all, to use the following taxons: Larix sibirica Ledeb, Larix Gmelinii Rupr., Pinus sylvestris L. including the pyramidal (P. Sylvestris f. Fastigiata L.) and globe-shaped ones (P. Sylvestris Globosa viridis L., Janiperus sabina L., Betula pendula Roth., Populus alba L., Salix caprea L., Ulmus pumila L., Ulmus laevis Pall., Malus Pallasiona Juz., Sorbus aucuparia L., Crataegus Arnoldii, Padus avium Mill., Caragana arborescens Lam., Acer negundo L., Lomicera tatarica L., Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Cotoneaster lucidus Sohlecht., Nitraria Scoberi L. The results of introducents perspectiveness investigation proper using will make possible to avoid mistakes when choosing assortment for landscape gardening and forestation in Astana sanitary-protective zone and in Northern Kazakhstan.

Keywords: introduction, forest nursery, kind, family, perspectiveness, conservations, artificial stands, arid steppe.

References

1.  Azbaev B.O., Dancheva A.V., Rakhimzhanov A.N., Razhanov M.R., Suyundikov Zh.O. Effektivnost vyrashchivaniya iskusstvennykh nasazhdeniy v zelenoy zone g. Astany [The effectiveness of the cultivation of artificial plantations in the green zone of Astana]. The current state and prospects for conservation and protection of forests in the system of sustainable development. Gomel: Institute of Forest of NAS of Belarus, 2013. pp. 157-160.

2.  Kupriyanov, A.N. Introduktsiya rasteniy [Plant Introduction]. Kemerovo: Kuzbasvuzizdat, 2004. 96 p.

3.  Gusev A.V., Zalesov S.V., Sarsekova D.N. Metodika opredeleniya perspektivnosti introduktsii drevesnykh rasteniy [Method for determining the prospects of introduction of woody plants]. Socio-economic and environmental problems of forest complex within the concept of 2020: Proceedings of the VII Intern. scientific. Ekaterinburg: Ural state forest engineering universit, 2009. V. 2. pp. 272-275.

4.  Zalesov S.V., Platonov E.P., Gusev A.V. Perspektivnost drevesnykh introdutsentov dlya ozeleneniya v usloviyakh sredney podzony taygi Zapadnoy Sibiri [The promise of exotic species of wood for landscaping in a middle taiga subzone of West Siberia]. gricultural Gazette Urals, 2011. 4. (83). pp. 56-58.

5.  Borodina N.A., Nekrasov V.I., Nekrasova N.S., Petrova I.P., Plotnikova L.S., Smirnova N.G. Derevya i kustarniki SSSR [Trees and shrubs of the USSR]. Moscow: Mysl, 1966. 637 p.

6.  Alekseev V.A., Svyazeva O.A. Drevesnye rasteniya lesov Rossii [Woody plants forest Russia]. Krasnoyarsk: Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Forest V.N. Sukachev, 2009. 182 p.

7.  Petrov A.P., Dorozhkin E.M. Dendrologicheskiy atlas [Dendrological Atlas]. Ekaterinburg: UI PKKLK, 2002. 224 p.

8.  Kulikov P.V. Opredelitel sosudistykh rasteniy Chelyabinskoy oblasti [The vascular plants of the Chelyabinsk region]. Ekaterinburg, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2010. 971 p.

 

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.. , . , . . (1),
.. , . . , . .-. (1),
.. , . . , . .-. (1),
.. , ., . . , . . (1)

rudkov.o@yandex.ru, borisraevsky@gmail.com, mariamed@krc.karelia.ru, ialexa33@yandex.ru
(1)  ( )
185910, . , . , 11,

, - () . , . , (499,5 ) , - . , , , α-, β- , . - , . . , , .  Empetrum hermaphroditum  Ledum palustre,  Linnaea borealis, Melampyrum pratense  Vaccinium myrtillus, .

: , , α-, β-, - , .

1.  Vasari, Y. Finnish botanical studies within the Paanajärvi National Park before 1944 / Y. Vasari // Oulanka Reports. 1998. T. 19. P. 5-9.

2.  , .. / .. , .. // . . 2008. . 12. . 4563.

3.  , .. : , , / .. , .. // . . . . 2003. . 3. C. 1519.

4.   : . . / .. . : . . , 1991. 58 .

5.  , .. / .. // - : : . , 2000. . 1517.

6.  , .. / .. // . . . . 2003. . 3. . 178 181.

7.  , .. / .. // : . . . , 1993. . 2530.

8.   / .. [ .]. .: , 1989. 64 .

9.   56:69:83. .