Πæóðíàëå Ñîäåðæàíèå íîìåðîâ Ðåäàêöèîííûé ñîâåò Òðåáîâàíèÿ ê ìàòåðèàëàì äëÿ ïóáëèêàöèè Îôîðìëåíèå áèáëèîãðàôè÷åñêîãî ñïèñêà Îðãàíèçàöèÿ è ïîðÿäîê ðåöåíçèðîâàíèÿ Ïîäïèñêà íà æóðíàë Èçäàòåëüñòâî Ðåäàêöèîííàÿ ýòèêà Ñòðàíèöà ãëàâíîãî ðåäàêòîðà
 

Æóðíàë «Ëåñíîé âåñòíèê / Forestry Bulletin»

 


 

ISSN/

1727-3749 / 17273749

2016/2016

20

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4-188

26

 

 

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4-8

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caf-soil@mgul.ac.ru

 

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9-10

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caf-soil@mgul.ac.ru.

 

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caf-soil@mgul.ac.ru

 

 

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12-16

631.6

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svyrodova@mail.ru (1)  - - , 194021, -, ., . 21

, XIX . . , , 1992 . 5 III-Va . 4 19561991 . . , . .

. .

. , . , . ( ) . . , , .

: , , , , , .

1. , .. / .. // . 1951.  9. . 6769; 1954.  4. . 5262; 1957.  7. . 4859; 1960.  10. . 5459.

2. , .. / .. // . 1994.  1. . 3638.

3. , .. : / .. . : , 1998. 476 .

4. , .. - / .. // 200 - / . - . .  .. . .: , 1997. . 214229.

5. , .. / .. , .. . .-.: , 1930. 343 .

6. , .. / .. . .: , 1945. 345 .

7. : . / .. , .. . .-.: , 1949. 79 .

8. . .: . -, 1971. 216 .

9. / .: .. , .. , .. , .. . .: , 19851986. .1. . 64 .; .2. . 99 .; . 3. . 115 .

10. , .. ( ) / .. // - - . 2014.  2. . 8093.

SUBSTANTIATION AND WAYS OF REVIVING FOREST HYDROMELIORATION IN RUSSIA

Konstantinov V.K., Prof., Chief Researcher of St. Petersburg Research Institute of Forestry, Dr. Sci. (Agricultural)(1)

svyrodova@mail.ru (1) St. Petersburg Research Institute of Forestry, Institute St., 21, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia

The history of forest drainage works and research on this problem in Russia is outlined leading back to the last quarter of the 19th century. The work was carried out both by the state and by individuals. The total number of drained hectares in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and the Baltic States accounts for more than 5 million hectares of forests of III-Va quality class and treeless peat bogs until 1992. Four million hectares have been reclaimed in 19561991. A large silvicultural and economic effect has been obtained. The question is raised of maintaining the drained forests, increasing their productivity and renewing forest drainage works. Recommendations are given for the reconstruction of forest drainage systems.

The importance and priority of the drainage effect on improving the performance and productivity of forests has been shown. After its revival on an improved scientific basis melioration may take a leading position in a number of economic activities.

At present, the forest science is facing a number of important tasks. We must save the most valuable forests, which are now subjected to secondary waterlogging on the reclaimed land. We should proceed to the reconstruction of isosurfacing networks that do not provide for optimal growth of the forest water regime. Reconstructed hydrating systems (drained land and hydrotechnical constructions) must meet all requirements for conducting proper forestry. The planned reclamation works have to be paid back over a shorter period of time. We believe that a part of the funds for this can be obtained through early felling of drained planting with reserves that excess stocks of mature stands in rich forest conditions with drained soils.

Keywords: history of drainage works in bogs and forests, design, volumes, silvicultural effect, recommendations for revival, goals and objectives of reconstruction of forest drainage systems.

References

1. Sherstoboev I.Ya. K istorii otechestvennoy gidrotechniki melioratsii v nashey strane [The history of domestic hydraulic engineering and land reclamation in our country], Gidrotechnika I melioratsiya [Hydraulic Engineering and Reclamation]. 1951, no. 9. pp. 67-69; 1954, no. 4., p. 52-62; 1957, no. 7, pp. 48-59; 1960. no. 10, pp. 5459.

2. Konstantinov V.K. Oshushenie lesov v Rossii [Drainage of forests in Russia]. Lesnoe khozyaystvo. 1994, no 1, pp. 3638.

3. Isachenko G.A. Okno v Evropu. Istoriya I landshafty [Window to Europe: history and landscapes]. SPb: SPbGU, 1998, pp 476 p.

4. Babikov B.V. Oshushenie lesnykh zemel v Lisinskom ukhebno-opytnom leschoze [Drainage of forest land in Lisino training and experimental forestry]. 200 let lesnomu ukhebnomu i opytnomu delu v Lisinskom ukhebno-opytnom leschoze [200 years of forestry training and development business in Lisino training and experimental forestry]. SPb: SPbLTA, 1997, pp. 214-229.

5. Dubakh A.D., Sparro R.P. Oshushenie bolot otkrytymi kanalami [Draining swamps open channels]. oscow: 1912, 352 p. oscow, 1918, 372 p.; oscow-Lenonhrad: Gosizdat, 1926, 368 p.; 1929, 423 p.; 1930, 343 p.

6. Dubakh A.D. Gidrotekhnicheskie melioratsii lesnykh zemel [Hydraulic reclamation of forest land]. oscow: Goslestechizdat, 1945, 345 p.

7. Dubakh A.D., Elpatyevskiy M.P. Lesoosushitelnaya melioratsiay [Forest drainage reclamation]. oscow-Leningrad: Goslesbumizdat, 1949, 79 p.

8. Technikhicheskie ukasaniaya po osusheniyu lesnych ploshshadey [Technical Guidelines for the drainage of forest land]. Moscow: Lesnaya promyshlennost, 1971, 216 p.

9. Ivanov Yu.N., Ushakov B.A., Zyukov Yu.P., Sabo E.D. Rukovodstvo po oshusheniuy lesnykh zemel [Guidelines for the drainage of forest land]. oscow: Gosleschoz SSSR, 1985-1986. Ch. 1. Izyskaniay, 64 p.; Ch. 2. Proektirovanie, 99 p.; Ch. 3. Prilozheniay, 115 p.

10. Konstantinov V.K. Gidrolesomelioratsiay osushenie i lesochozaystvennoe osvoenie pereuvlazhnennych zemel lesnogo fonda [Reclamation draining waterlogged and forestry development of forest lands (the history of research in SPbNIILH)] Trudy Sankt-Peterburgskogo nauchno-issledovatelyskogo instituta lesnogo khozyaystva. 2014, no. 2. pp. 8093.

 

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631.6

.. , . () . .. , - .-. (1), 
.. , . () . .. (1), 
.. , . () . .. (1)

pakhutchy@rambler.ru, pakhutchaya@rambler.ru, d-shevelev@agiks.ru (1)  () . .. 167982 , -1, . , 39,

- . , 1976 . . : , () . , . . NDVI . NDVI , , , . , NDVI . ( , , ) NDVI .

: , ,

1. , .. / .. , .. , .. // ArcReview. 2005.  3. . 11.

2. / .. // . - - 2013 . : , 2014. . 283286.

3. , .. / .. , .. , .. // . 1990.  4. . 147149.

4. , .. / .. // . 1996.  2. . 8590.

5. , .. ( ) / .. // (Geomatics). 2009.  3(4). . 6675.

6. , .. - / .. // . .  1. 1987.  . 1315.

7. , .. / .. // . .  1. 1991. . 118120.

8. , .. 30- // . 2008.  3 (60). . 9498.

9. , .. - / .. . .: , 1987. 156 .

10. / .. , .. , .. // (. . ).  ., 2000.  . 331368.

USING VEGETATIVE INDEXES FOR THE FOREST DRAINAGE RESEARCH

Pakhuchiy V.V., Prof. SPbFTU, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture) (1); Pakhuchaya L.M., Assos. Prof. SPbFTU (1); Shevelev D.A., pg. SPbFTU (1)

pakhutchy@rambler.ru, pakhutchaya@rambler.ru, d-shevelev@agiks.ru (1) Syktyvkar Forest Institute (branch) of Saint-Petersburg Forest Technical University of S.M. Kirov, 167982 Syktyvkar, GSP-1, Lenina street, 39

The methods of remote boring are increasingly used in silvicultural, ecological and forest inventory studies. The results of the research in the stands on the objects of forest drainage in the Kortkerossky forest area of the Komi Republic, the construction of a drainage network on which was made in 1976, are given. The possibility of application of the data on remote boring and geoinformation technologies at an assessment of drainage influence on the growth of the stands is considered. It is recommended to use various objects (in area and form) for the research: sample plots, forest massifs in compartments (polygons) and narrow transects. It is offered to use vegetative indexes, including NDVI the normalized differential index of vegetation widely, during forest drainage research. The calculation of NDVI is made using two most stable regions of the spectral curve of the reflection of the plants, and thus high photosynthetic activity, associated with more productive plant communities, leads to a less reflection in the red region of the spectrum and a larger reflection in the infrared region of the spectrum. It has been found that the tightness of the link between NDVI and the removal of plots or transects from canals or degree of sewage within the boundaries of the forest compartment is higher when using sample plots and transects and lower for the samples of polygons. Regardless of the type of experimental objects (plots, transects, polygons) in the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic on the sites of forest in the watershed areas, the NDVI is greater at the sites with a greater degree of sanitation and near drainage channels.

Keywords: the Komi Republic, forest drainage, vegetative indexes, NDVI.

References

1. Serov A.V. Popova O.I. Pakhuchiy V.V. Opyt opredeleniya sostava nasazhdeniy [Experience determine the composition of stands] ArcReview. 2005,  3, p. 11.

2. Shevelev D.A. Issledovanie vliyaniya osusheniya na rost sosny s ispolzovaniem GIS i DDZ [Investigation of the effect of drainage on the growth of pine using GIS and remote sensing] Sb. materialov nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii professorsko-prepodavatelskogo sostava Syktyvkarskogo lesnogo instituta po itogam NIR v 2013 g. [Coll. Proceedings of the Conference of the faculty of Syktyvkar Forest Institute on the results of research in 2013]. Syktyvkar: Syktyvkar forest institute, 2014, pp. 283-286.

3. Pakhuchiy V.V. Sozin S.A. Urnyshev A.P. Gidrolesomeliorativnoe rayonirovanie Komi ASSR [Forest drainage zoning of the Komi ASSR] Geografiya i prirodnye resursy [Geography and natural resources]. 1990,  4, pp. 147-149.

4. Pakhuchiy V.V. Gidrolesomeliorativnoe rayonirovanie Severa Evropeyskoy chasti Rossii [Forest drainage zoning of the North European part of Russia] Geografiya i prirodnye resursy [Geography and natural resources]. 1996,  2, pp.85-90.

5. Cherepanov A.S. Tekhnologiya vyyavleniya medlennykh izmeneniy v lesakh po multispektralnym kosmicheskim snimkam (na primere vymokaniya lesov) [Technology detect slow changes in the forests on multispectral satellite images (as example of waterlogging forests)] Geomatika [Geomatics]. 2009,  3(4), pp. 66-75.

6. Pakhuchiy V.V. Vliyanie zolnosti torfa i glubiny pochvenno-gruntovykh vod na rost sosnovykh drevostoev na osushennykh melkozalezhnykh torfyanikakh [Effect of peat ash content and depth of groundwater on the growth of pine stands on drained shallow peatlands] Izv. vuzov Lesnoy zhurnal [News of HEINs Forest magazine]. 1987,  1, pp. 13-15.

7. Pakhuchiy V.V. Optimizatsiya parametrov osushitelnykh sistem na slabootorfovannykh lesnykh zemlyakh [Optimization of parameters of drainage systems on the shallow peat forest lands] Izv. vuzov Lesnoy zhurnal [News of HEINS Forest magazine]. 1991,  1, pp. 118-120.

8. Chindyaev A.S. Transformatsiya torfyanoy zalezhi i drevesnogo yarusa elovykh biogeotsenozov pod vliyaniem 30-letnego perioda osusheniya [Transformation of peat deposits and spruce tree layer of biogeocenosis under the influence of a 30-year period of drainage] Moscow state forest university bulletin Lesnoy vestnik. 2008,  3 (60), pp. 94-98.

9. Bobkova K.S. Biologicheskaya produktivnost khvoynykh lesov Evropeyskogo Severo-Vostoka [Biological productivity of coniferous forests of the European North-East]. Leningrad: Nauka, 1987. 156 p.

10. Bobkova K.S. Perchatkin P.A. Svoykin V.F. Drevesnye resursy. Lesnoe khozyaystvo i lesnye resursy Respubliki Komi [Wood resources / Forestry and forest resources of the Komi Republic]. Dizayn. Informatsiya. Kartografiya [Design. Information. Kartografiya]. Moscow: 2000, pp. 331-368.

 

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.. , . (1)

olga@parkrest.ru (1)  , 105082, . , ., . 82 . 1

- . , . XVIIXIX . . . , . , . , - , , , , . , . - , . . . . . 2009 . - , - , . , 2012 . .. , .

: , , , , , , , - .

1. , .. / .. , .. // . . . 8 (24). .: , 2001. . 290299.

2. , .. / .. , .. // . . . 6. .: - . . . 2010. . 5869.

3. , .. . / .. , .. . .: , 1988. 418 .

4. , .. // : XVIIXVIII . . . 5. ., 1929. . 4447.

5. , .. : . . . / .. , .. , .. . .: , 2006. 352 .

6. , .. : . . . / .. , .. , .. ; . .. . .: , 2008. 336 .

7. , .. / .. , .. , . // . 2010.  7. . 9899.

8. , .. - / .. , .. , .. . // . . 10 (26). ., 2004. . 6467.

9. , .. / .. . .: , 1963. 342 .

10. , .. XVIII . (): . . / .. . .: - . -, 1963. 16 c.

11. , .. / .. // . . . - .: , 1969. 143 .

12. , .. XVII XVIII . ( . , - ): . . / .. . ., 1945. 18 .

13. , .. . XVI-XIX . / .. , .. . .: , 1979. 398 c.

FEATURES OF THE CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION OF WATER FEATURES IN THE WORKS OF GARDEN ART AND LANDSCAPE CULTURE

Drobnich O.A., Park restoration(1)

olga@parkrest.ru (1) Park restoration, 105082, Moscow, Bakuninskaya str., 82, 1

Restoration and preservation of the cultural heritage in the field of landscape restoration and protection of cultural heritage, of garden art and landscape architecture is an important and challenging engineering task. The solution to this problem is largely due to hydro-technical researches and works, as most historical objects of them are composed include certain water facilities. It is hard to imagine a Russian estate of the 17-19th centuries with no water reservoir on its territory. Often ponds had a dominant role in the organization of the territory and landscape arrangement of the estate. It should be noted that when carrying out restoration one needs to treat the restored object carefully. On small objects it is desirable to use historical technologies, manual labor. When it occurs that there is a need to restore lost elements the solution of the problem must be treated individually, conducting historical and cultural research, including field observations, selection of archival, iconographic materials, sufficient to justify the recovery of lost items. If such data are insufficient, recovery is possible with the involvement and analysis of analogues. The article contains a detailed analysis of the restoration works of various hydraulic structures of the objects of garden art and landscape culture, conducted with the participation and under the supervision of the author. Special attention is paid to the description of works on restoration of the estate Kuskovo and Lefortovo. The invaluable contribution of Professor Eugene Gulevich Sabo clogs in the implementation of these works is highlighted. In 2009 under the guidance of E.G. Sabo a number of eco-engineering and hydrological surveys was made in Kuskovo for the purpose of preparing a conceptual design of the water recovery system of the estate at the peak of its development, taking into account the historical and archival materials, with minor changes, due to the current state of territory of the object of cultural heritage. Restoration works in Kuskovo were conducted later in 2012. Under the leadership of E. D. Sabo it was identified that there was a flooding of the retaining wall of the dam of the Lower pond, a study of lost or highly distorted elements of the Dam has been made.

Keywords: Water object, hydrotechnical melioration, waterworks, drainage, restoration, cultural heritage preservation, landscape architecture, landscape construction.

Referens

1. Veksler A.G., Pirogov V.Yu. Arkheologicheskie issledovaniya v Lefortovskom parke [Archaeological research in Lefortovo Park]. Russkaya usadba [Russian estate. The collection OIRU], no 8 (24), Moscow: Zhiraf, 2001, pp. 290-299.

2. Veksler A.G., Pirogov V.Yu. Arkheologicheskie issledovaniya v Lefortovskom parke [Archaeological research in Lefortovo Park]. Kadashevskie chteniya. Sbornik dokladov konferentsii [Kadashevskaya reading. The conference proceedings], no 6, Moscow: Kadashevskaya Sloboda, 2010, pp. 5869.

3. Vergunov A.G., Gorokhov V.A. Russkie sady i parki. Akademiya nauk SSSR [Russian parks and gardens. Academy of Sciences of the USSR]. Moscow: Nauka, 1988, 418 p.

4. Kruglyy A.A. Prudy Lefortovskogo parka [The Lefortovo Park ponds]. Staraya Moskva: Stati po istorii Moskvy v XVII-XVIII vv. V. 1. Trudy obshchestva izucheniya Moskovskoy oblasti. [Proceedings of the society for the study of the Moscow region], no 5, Moscow, 1929, pp 4447.

5. Teodoronskiy V.S., Sabo E.D., Frolova V.A. Stroitelstvo i ekspluatatsiya obektov landshaftnoy arkhitektury [The construction and operation of objects of landscape architecture: a textbook for students. higher education institutions]. Moscow: Akademiya, 2006, 352 p.

6. Sabo E.D., Teodoronskiy V.S., Zolotarevskiy A.A. Gidrotekhnicheskie melioratsii obektov landshaftnogo stroitelstva [Hydrotechnical melioration objects landscape construction: a textbook for students of higher educational institutions]. Moscow: Akademiya, 2008, 336 p.

7. Kormilitsyna O.V., Bondarenko V.V., Koolen D. Sovremennye metody otsenki sostoyaniya pochv i gruntov urbanizirovannykh territoriy [Modern methods of assessing the state of soils of urbanized territories]. Moscow state forest university bulletin Lesnoy vestnik. 2010, no. 7, pp. 9899.

8. Volshanik V.V., Dmitrievna O.S., Kulikov M.V. i dr. Vodnaya sistema russkoy usadby kak chast istoriko-kulturnogo landshafta [The water system of the Russian country estate as part of the historical and cultural landscape]. Russkaya usadba [Russian manor], no 10 (26), Moscow, 2004, pp. 6467.

9. Dubyago T.V. Russkie regulyarnye sady i parki [Russian regular gardens and parks]. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1963, 342 p.

10. Evangulova O.S. Razvitie dvortsovykh ansambley Moskvy v pervoy polovine XVIII veka (Lefortovo): diss. ...kand. iskusstvovedeniya [The development of the palaces of Moscow in the first half of the eighteenth century (Lefortovo): Thesis of candidate of arts]. Moscow: MGU, 1963, 16 p.

11. Evangulova O.S. Arkhitekturnyy ansambl Lefortovo v petrovskuyu epokhu [The architectural ensemble of the Lefortovo in the Petrine era]. Collection of scientific works of the works of graduate students of Historical faculty of Moscow state University. Moscow: MGU, 1969, 143 p.

12. Palentreer S.N. Priemy kompozitsii podmoskovnykh parkov XVII i XVIII vv. (Po materialam Arkhiva drevnikh aktov, dopolnennym materialami Voenno-istoricheskogo arkhiva i obmerami s natury). Diss. ... kand. iskusstvovedeniya[Techniques of composition suburban parks XVII and XVIII centuries (On materials of the state archive of ancient documents, supplemented by materials from the Military historical archive and the measurements from nature). Thesis of candidate of arts]. Moscow, 1945, 18 p.

13. Turchin V.S., Sheredega V.I. V okrestnostyakh Moskvy. Iz istorii russkoy usadebnoy kultury 16-19 vv. [In the vicinity of Moscow. From the history of Russian estate culture XVIXIX centuries]. Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1979, 398 p.

 

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631.67

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caf-soil@mgul.ac.ru (1)  141005, ., . -5, . 1- , . 1,

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1. , .. / .. , .. // . . 2008.  1. . 79.

2. , .. / .. , .. // . . 2008.  1. . 914.

3. , .. / .. . : . .. , 1985. 117 .

4. , .. / .. . .: , 2004. 111 .

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