|
ISSN/
|
1727-3749
/ 17273749
|
|
2015/2015
|
|
|
19
|
|
5
|
|
|
6-164
|
|
26
|
.. .
.
- ,
, - .-. ,
vst01@mail.ru
..,
, .
.
- , .
.-. ,
frolova@mgul.ac.ru
141005, ., . -5, . 1- , . 1,
..
, . .
- , . .-.
frolova@mgul.ac.ru
141005, ., . -5, . 1- , . 1,
, ,
, ,
.
,
. , , ,
, , , ,
.
, ,
.
,
.
, ,
,
.
, ,
, .
,
,
.
: , , , ,
.
1.
, .. / .. . .: , 1973.
136 .
2.
, .. . / ..
. .: , 1979. 240 .
3.
, . / . . .:
, 2011. 460 .
4.
, . : / .
һ, . . .:
, 2012. 200 .
5. Kaplan, Rachel. With People in mind : design and management of everyday nature/ Washington: Island Press, 1998 p. 226
6.
, . : / . .:
Strelka Press, 2014. 220 .
7.
? / . . .:
Strelka Press, 2013. . 5072.
8.
, .. : /
.. , .. . .: , 2011. 256 .
9.
, . - : / . .
.: Strelka Press, 2013.
336 .
10. Simonds, John Ormsbee. Garden Cities 21 : creating a livable urban environment /
McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1994
p. 232
11.
, .. / .. //
XV . -
, 2930 2012 . .: , 2012. 70 .
12.
, . / . һ, . . .: , 2012. 276
.
13.
, . :
/ . .: , 2013 128 .
POST-SOVIET
URBAN LANDSCAPE TRANSFORMATIONS
INTO NEW PUBLIC SPACES IN THE MORDERN CITIES
Frolova V.A., Assoc. Prof. MSFU, PhD. (Agricultural)
frolova@mgul.ac.ru
Moscow State Forest University (MSFU), 1st Institutskaya st., 1, 141005,
Mytischi, Moscow reg., Russia
Urban landscape is a dynamic structure
that develops together with the changing lifestyle in modern cities, but some
of its components, such as the location of streets and buildings, are legacy of
the past. Urban green spaces are a very important part of urban landscape and
they have to be useful for the citizens who live next to them. Parks, squares
and boulevards usually have good pavements and flower decoration, but it is not
enough for making them welcoming and friendly for the everyday open-air life.
Nowadays public spaces are places where crowds become a society with public
activities, people that lead social life in the surrounding landscape. The
research of different sized green territories between buildings integration
into urban landscape is a vital issue. Focusing on everyday human issues, we
look at city life on small scale. Factors such as the infrastructure of the
surrounding neighbourhood, pedestrian access,
information, variety of landscape scenery,
emotional factor and significance of the site influence the quality of
landscape and the development of green territories. Creating (or recreating)
lively, safe, sustainable green spaces at a human scale is a possibility to explain how important it
is to reconfigure unworkable urban landscapes into new public spaces for
citizens who love their cities.
Keywords: urbanism, city space, park,
green territories, public spaces.
References
1. Goldshteyn A.F. Frank Lloyd Rayt [Frank Lloyd
Rayt]. Moscow: Stroyizdat Publ.,
1973. 136 p.
2. Barkhin M.G. Arkhitektura i chelovek. Problemy
gradostroitelstva budushchego [Architecture
and Man. The Future Urbanistics Problems]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1979. 240 p.
3. Jacobs Jane Smert
i zhizn bolshikh amerikanskikh gorodov [The Death and Life of Great American Cities]. Moscow: Novoe izdatelstvo
Publ., 2011. 460 p.
4. Gehl Jan Zhizn sredi zdaniy: Ispolzovanie
obshchestvennykh prostranstv [Life
between buildings Using Public Space]. Island Press, 2006. 216
p. (Russ. ed. Moscow: Alpina Pablisher, 2012. 200 p.)
5. Kaplan, Rachel. With People in mind:
design and management of everyday nature. Washington: Island Press, 1998. 226 p.
6. Rybchinskiy V. Gorodskoy konstruktor: Idei i goroda [Makeshift
Metropolis Ideas about Cities], Scribner, 2011 256 p. (Russ. ed. Moscow: Strelka Press Publ., 2014. 220 p.)
7. Kaganskiy V. Kak ustroena Rossiya? Portret
kulturnogo landshafta [How Russia
is organized? The
Cultural landscape portrait]. Moscow: Strelka Press
Publ., 2013. pp. 50-72.
8. Ozhegov S. S. Istoriya
landshaftnoy arkhitektury [The History of Landscape Architecture]. Moscow: Mir i Obrazovanie
Publ., 2011. 256 p.
9. Koolhaas Rem Nyu-York vne
sebya: Retroaktivnyy manifest Mankhettena [Delirious New
York: A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan].
Oxford UP. 1978.
320 p. (Russ. ed. Moscow,
Strelka Press Publ., 2013. 336 p.)
10. Simonds, John Ormsbee. Garden Cities
21: creating a livable urban environment McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1994. p. 232
11. Frolova V.A. Znachimost
i vospriyatie otkrytykh prostranstv. [Maintenance and
Perception of open spaces] XV Sci. Conf. Problems of greening in big cities 29-30.08.2012. Moscow: MGSU Publ., 2012. 70 p.
12. Gehl Jan Goroda
dlya lyudey [Cities for People]. Island Press, 2010. 288 p. (Russ. ed. Moscow, Alpina Pablisher, 2012. 276 p.)
13. Geyl Ya. Moskva
na puti
k gorodu dlya lyudey: Obshchestvennye prostranstva i obshchestvennaya zhizn [Moscow on his way to city for people:
Public Spaces and Public Life] Moscow: Institut Genplana
Moskvy Publ., 2013.128 p.
..
, . .
,. .
an.belkin@mail.ru
()
129337, . , , 26
,
.
.
, - 1819 2014 .
,
.
;
.
, , ,
, .
, , .
,
,
.
-,
, -
.
, ,
.
,
.
: , , ,
, , .
.
.
: , ,
, , , ,
.
1.
, .. / ... .: , 1960. 147 .
2.
, . / ., .. .: , 1960. . 23. 890 .
3.
, .. -
() / .. . .-, 1964. 218 .
4.
, .. /
.. . .: , 1976. 348.
5.
, .. - / ..
. .: , 1982. 134 .
6.
, .. / .. . .: , 1987. 112 .
7.
, . / .. .: , 1972. 249 .
8.
/ . .. . .: 1975. .1. 541 .
9.
, .., ..
/ .. ,
.. . .: , 1975. 6 .
10.
, . / . . .: ,1960. 348 .
THE
PERSPECTIVE DIRECTION OF URBAN PLANNING
CULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA
Belkin A.N., Prof. MSUCE, Ph. D
(Architecture)
an.belkin@mail.ru
Moscow State University of civil engineering (MSUCE), Yaroslavskoe shosse, 26,
129337, Moscow, Russia
The characteristics and critics of
contemporary urban planning culture, practice and organization in Russia are
presented in the article. The content of resolution and memorandum of the International
conference Urban planning culture. Tradition
and perspectives, which took place in St. Petersburg on September 18-19, 2014 are given. These documents emphasize the
necessity to elaborate up-to-date state urban policy, rehabilitation and
development of the Russian urban planning culture. Intensive lowing of the
previous level of urban planning is a result of rejection to create the project
of town development in a whole and of various separate decisions, instead of a
system method, not taking to account their co-influence and influence on a town
as a balanced system. The substantial functional, esthetic town losses,
sometimes not replenishable, are shown on the example of Moscow. The high
degree of thinking out of a project was guaranteed by state organization, first
and foremost by the economy. In the existing conditions of absence of
convenient and clear planning indices of economical, demographical and social
development, another method of town planning is needed. Master plan might base
on more complex and less definitive natural-climatic, ecological,
architectural-artistic and cultural principles of city planning. The priority
must be given to the natural factors in order to achieve the urban landscape
steadiness, in other words, balanced processes of people management and
processes of self regulation, basing on natural components. The concept of
urban planning based on a position of the city ecological structure formation,
a system of open green spaces is proposed. The following principles of system
formation are outlined: basing on the existing landscape, continuity,
steadiness, multisideness, functional variety, ability to further growth. The
connection with the organic decentralization concept by Eliel Saarinen is
shown. The proposed concept is seen as a perspective direction of urban
planning culture reconstruction and development in Russia.
Keywords: town, culture, urban planning,
open spaces, ecological structure, conception, decentralization.
References
1. Burov A.K. Ob
Arkchitekture [On Architecture]. Moscow:
Gosstroiizdat Publ., 1960, p. 147
2. Marx K., Engels F. Sochineniya [Collected Works]. Moscow: GIPL Publ.,
1960, T. 23, p. 890
3. Kositskiy Y.V. Arkchitekturno-planirovochnye
printsipy proektirovaniya gorodov (Urbanistika) [Architectural
principles of a town planning. Urbanism]. Moscow-Kcharkov,
1964, p. 218
4. Isachenko A.G. Prikladnoye
landshaftovedeniye [Applied landscape]. Leningrad:
Nauka Publ., 1976, p. 348
5. Vergunov A.P. Arkchitekturno-landshaftnaya
organizatsiya krupnogo goroda [Architectural-landscaping
of a big town]. Moscow:
Stroiizdat Publ., 1982, p. 134
6. Belkin A.N. Gorodskoi
landshaft [Urban Landscape]. Moscow:
Vyisshaya shkola Publ., 1989. p.112
7. Gruza I. Teoriya goroda [The Theory of Town]. Moscow:
Stroiizdat Publ., 1972, p.249
8. Mastera sovetskoi architectury ob
architecture [Masters
of the soviet architecture], pod red. M.G. Barkchina. Moscow: Stroiizdat Publ.,
1975, T.1. p. 541
9. Baburov V.V., Mikulina E.M. Prirodnaya sreda v prostranstvennoi
structure goroda. [Nature in an urban spatial structure]. Moscow: Stroiizdat Publ., 1975. p.6.
10. Wright F. Budushchee arkchitektury [Future of the architecture]. Moscow: Stroiizdat Publ., 1960, p. 348.
..
, , .
-
enica@mail.ru
()
125047, , ., . 1
, ,
,
. ,
.
,
,
.
19