High-quality processing of wood and wood material consists in obtaining surfaces that meet the requirements of roughness. Surface roughness affects many technological and operational properties of parts and products made of wood and wood-based materials. The consumption of adhesives and paints is associated with surface roughness in woodworking, which affects the technical and economic efficiency of many technological operations. Of particular importance is the regulation of surface roughness of parts and assemblies of wood products and wood materials in modern woodworking industries, as one of the necessary prerequisites for a rationally organized technological process. A strictly scientific approach to solving many issues of technology is possible only taking into account the roughness of the treated surface of wood materials, quantified by the values of well-defined parameters. The matter of normalizing the surface roughness of wood materials has been intensively developed to control the height of irregularities formed as a result of mechanical processing. The state of study of the issues of assessing the height parameters of anatomical irregularities has lagged significantly, since it was believed that this type of irregularity is inherent in wood and justified by the natural factor of origin. It is impossible to get rid of and influence them during processing, which means that it is not necessary to regulate them in height. Although it is known that when determining the height of machining irregularities, it is necessary to carry out measurements on areas of the controlled surface where anatomical irregularities are less noticeable. It is almost impossible to fulfill this condition, since the anatomical elements permeate the entire wood substance, including the surface layer. Therefore, in the process of measuring the irregularities of mechanical processing, elements of anatomical irregularities are always captured to one extent or another, which distorts the result obtained. In this paper, we propose a system of interconnected roughness parameters that allow us to simultaneously control the irregularities of mechanical processing and irregularities of anatomical origin. For this purpose, the roughness parameters proposed by GOST 7016–2013 are used: R_m, R_p, R_k, R_v. Of these, the R_m parameter is the sum of the other three given roughness parameters. The linear dependences of each of the roughness parameters on R_m were obtained, which made it possible to distinguish between roughness and anatomical irregularities in height. It is proposed to use a parameter representing the sum of R_p and R_k to evaluate the irregularities of mechanical processing, and the R_v parameter for anatomical irregularities. The results obtained can later be used to develop roughness standards for parts and assemblies of wood products and wood materials, taking into account irregularities of anatomical origin.