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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Lesnoy Vestnik / Forestry Bulletin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Lesnoy Vestnik / Forestry Bulletin</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Лесной вестник / Forestry Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2542-1468</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bauman Moscow State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">706036</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18698/2542-1468-2026-2-5-17</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Biological and technological aspects of forestry</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Биологические и технологические аспекты лесного хозяйства</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">State indication of pine undergrowth by gain figure and number of branches in whorl</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Индикация состояния подроста сосны по величине прироста и количеству ветвей в мутовке</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gryaz’kin</surname><given-names>Anatoliy V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грязькин</surname><given-names>Анатолий Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>lesovod@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilova</surname><given-names>Ol’ga I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилова</surname><given-names>Ольга Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Professor of the Department of Technology and Organization</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р с.-х. наук, профессор кафедры технологии и организации лесного комплекса</p></bio><email>ogavril@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimov</surname><given-names>Boris B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климов</surname><given-names>Борис Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>pg.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><email>Klimov85@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State Forestry University named after S.M. Kirov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный лесотехнический университет имени С.М. Кирова» (СПбГЛТУ им. С.М. Кирова)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Petrozavodsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Петрозаводский государственный университет» (ПетрГУ)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-12"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-12"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Gryaz’kin A.V., Gavrilova O.I., Klimov B.B.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Грязькин А.В., Гаврилова О.И., Климов Б.Б.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gryaz’kin A.V., Gavrilova O.I., Klimov B.B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Грязькин А.В., Гаврилова О.И., Климов Б.Б.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2542-1468/article/view/706036">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2542-1468/article/view/706036</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Original data reflecting the dependence of pine undergrowth condition on the number of branches in the whorl and the gain figures are presented. The pine forests of lingonberry forest type in the forest fund of the Republic of Buryatia were studied. The pine forests at the trial plots are pure stands of 4–5 classes of bonitet. The average age of pine forests is 70–80 years. The pine forests were formed at burned areas over the last few years. The total amount of pine undergrowth does not exceed 1000 pine trees/ha under the canopy of pine forests. Undergrowth is represented by single tree species of <italic>Sorbus aucuparia subsp</italic>. <italic>Sibirica</italic> (Hedl.) Krylov, <italic>Juniperus sibirica</italic> Burgsd, <italic>Lonicera maximowiczii </italic>Maxim. The forest live cover consists of 12 species of vascular plants and several species of mosses and lichens. Undergrowth and forest live cover were counted using a free route on circular survey plots with a radius of 178,5 cm. In the course of field studies, the height, age, number of branches in the whorl, undergrowth viability, growth size and age of needles were determined in pine undergrowth. Species composition, occurrence and projective cover by species were determined for the forest live cover. Illumination and temperature were measured simultaneously at 12–13 hours in cloudy weather. It was shown that the maximum number of branches in a whorl in viable undergrowth reaches 6. The whorl of non-viable undergrowth contains 1–2 branches. In some cases, no lateral branches are formed in the whorl of non-viable undergrowth. The same is most often characteristic of dry undergrowth. Absolute values of the average total growth of pine undergrowth reach up to 36 cm/year in large undergrowth. In non-viable undergrowth this value varies from 1 to 4 cm/year. The results obtained can be used to compare the main characteristics of pine undergrowth growing in other forest conditions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Представлены оригинальные данные о зависимости состояния подроста сосны от количества ветвей в мутовке и величины прироста. Проведен учет подроста, подлеска и живого напочвенного покрова по свободному маршрутному ходу на круговых учетных площадках радиусом 178,5 см. Установлено, что в лесном фонде Республики Бурятия чистый по составу сосняк брусничный 70…80 лет сформировался на гарях прошлых лет. Определено, что под его пологом общая численность подроста не превышает 1000 экз./га. Подлесок представлен единичными особями <italic>Sorbus aucuparia subsp. Sibirica </italic>(Hedl.) Krylov, <italic>Juniperus sibirica</italic> Burgsd, <italic>Lonicera maximowiczii</italic> Maxim. В составе живого напочвенного покрова выявлено 12 видов сосудистых растений и несколько видов мхов и лишайников. В ходе полевых исследований у подроста сосны определяли высоту, возраст, количество ветвей в мутовке, жизнеспособность подроста, величину прироста и возраст хвои. Для живого напочвенного покрова устанавливали видовой состав, встречаемость и проективное покрытие по видам. Показано, что максимальное количество ветвей в мутовке у жизнеспособного подроста достигает 6 шт., в мутовке нежизнеспособного подроста – не более 1–2. В отдельных случаях боковые ветви в мутовке нежизнеспособного подроста не формируются. Выявлено, что такая же картина чаще всего характерна и для сухого подроста. Установлена взаимосвязь между количеством ветвей в мутовке и величиной среднего текущего прироста. Определено, что абсолютные значения среднего общего прироста подроста сосны достигают у крупного подроста до 36 см/год, у нежизнеспособного подроста эта величина изменяется в пределах от 1 до 4 см/год. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для сравнения основных характеристик подроста сосны, произрастающего в других лесорастительных условиях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Republic of Buryatia</kwd><kwd>pine forests</kwd><kwd>the area after the forest fire</kwd><kwd>number and condition of undergrowth</kwd><kwd>average total growth rate</kwd><kwd>whorls</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Республика Бурятия</kwd><kwd>сосняки</kwd><kwd>гари прошлых лет</kwd><kwd>численность и состояние подроста</kwd><kwd>средний общий прирост</kwd><kwd>мутовки</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tikhomirova A.A., Gryaz’kin A.V., Gavrilova O.I. Vozobnovitel’nyy potentsial sosny [Renewable potential of pine]. St. Petersburg: Lan’, 2025, 112 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тихомирова А.А., Грязькин А.В., Гаврилова О.И. 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